Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío
Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío (RIUQ), the scientific dissemination journal of the Research Vice-Rectory at the University of Quindío. Our main mission is to provide a platform for the scientific community, both nationally and internationally, to share, support and disseminate their intellectual work. As a multidisciplinary journal, we cover a wide range of knowledge areas, enriching our publication with diverse topics and fostering the exchange of ideas and scientific advances across different fields. It is essential to highlight that RIUQ operates under the open-access model, making all articles and content freely available online to anyone interested in accessing them. Furthermore, we want to emphasize that there are no costs involved in submitting, evaluating, and publishing the articles. Our focus is to facilitate the dissemination of scientific knowledge without any economic barriers. Details of RIUQ: Frequency: Biannual ISSN: 1794-631x e-ISSN: 2500-5782 Email: riuq@uniquindio.edu.co
Results and scientific significance of the Sibiryakov’s (Yakut region) expedition (1894 -1896)
This article considers the scientific results of the first comprehensive stationary expedition studying the indigenous peoples of Eastern Siberia – the Sibiryakov’s (Yakut region) expedition of the East Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society (1894-1896). This study aims to identify the scientific significance of publications based on the results of the expedition in the source study aspect, which will allow us to consider the history of the accumulation of knowledge about the Yakut language (Sakha language) and Yakut literature (Sakha literature) of the 19th-20th centuries, and will replenish the source study base of historical and literary science. During the research, systematic and holistic approaches, as well as contextual, interpretive, historical-literary and comparative methods of scientific research were used in the study of the source. In this regard, the study of the dictionary of the Yakut language by E.K. Pekarsky gains increasing relevance in the problematics of supertext, both its linguistic value and its significance in the historical and cultural terms are highlighted. As a result of the study, special importance is given to the role of a persons exiled for political reasons to Yakut region, who became participants in this expedition, which undoubtedly had a favorable effect on the results of field research and the fate of the exiled themselves. Precisely the involvement of these young people in the work of the expedition enabled to collect and publish scientific works on the beliefs of the Yakuts (Sakha people), folklore and the Yakut language, which laid the foundation for the development of the Yakut people’s verbal folklore. It is no less valuable that owing to the work of the exiles, it was possible to attract representatives of the local population to further scientific study of their language, culture and region, the spiritual and moral influence of the Russian language and culture on the development of the national region as a whole.
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Conceptual analysis of foreign trade in Mexico (food sector)
Trade is an essential part for economic development both locally, nationally as well as globally through the exchange of goods and services between different actors. It is an integral part of the global economy and plays a crucial role in the economic development of countries. Trade also presents challenges and problems, such as trade imbalances, unfair competition, trade barriers, environmental and social impacts, among others. That's why many countries negotiate trade agreements and establish regulations to facilitate fair and equitable trade. That is why this research is carried out to know how foreign trade develops within Mexico and the impact it generates on its economy, this will be carried out through a descriptive methodology with which it seeks to have a more appropriate approach around the objective of this work that is to be able to analyze foreign trade around Mexico, where it could be concluded that Mexico is an important country within the foreign trade environment both in its imports and exports, having an efficient and global economy.
Social movements in perspective. Compared analysis of armed and student mobilizations and their incidence in the reconfiguration of the contemporary Mexican State
The objective of this article is to carry out, from different explanatory paradigms, a comparative analysis of the impact of social movements in Mexico on the crisis and reconfiguration of the State and its derivations in the political system, both in its authoritarian facet and in its plural and democratic perspective. This is based on two types of movements: student movements and armed movements with different types of demands. We start from two types of movements: student movements and armed movements with different types of demands. For this purpose, the following are taken as subjects of study: the armed movements of Guerrero in the 1970s and the student movement of 1968, where their impact in the face of an authoritarian regime is deepened. At the same time, the self-defense movements in Michoacán are also analyzed as prototypes of social movements in a completely different framework in time and circumstance, but which have equally impacted the dynamics governing the State and the political system of our country. It is a comparative and transversal analysis of interpretative cut based on documentary sources related to the reconfiguration of the contemporary Mexican State. The resulting information was interpreted with the computer support of ATLAS ti, version 8. The findings of this research show that in the five cases transformations in the political dynamics of the State and in the way they were processed within the Mexican political system can be appreciated, which evidenced that social movements in Mexico have indeed served as a catalyst in the processes of political change that have gradually dismantled authoritarian schemes of political power, but also denote an institutional weakness to assimilate them.
Organizational and contextual support for the promotion of STEM vocations. Psychometrics of a measurement scale
Introduction: The objective of the study was the psychometric validation of a self-made scale to measure the perception of organizational and contextual support for the promotion of STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics for its acronym) for high-level student’s upper middle. Method: The questionnaire was administered to paper and pencil anonymously and each participant gave their informed consent at the beginning of the questionnaire. A deterministic sampling was carried out on 390 students who met the inclusion criteria. Results: For content validity, experts were consulted on the subject, and construct validity was estimated by performing an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), using the maximum likelihood factor extraction method with direct oblimin rotation, and reporting loads. factorials greater than 0.5. To validate the theoretical model, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out in the same way, which allowed demonstration of the validity of the previously obtained structure, but with adjustments. The fit indicators of the measurement model were estimated (χ2= 15.20, gl= 8, p > 0.055, SRMR=0.05, AGFI=0.96, RMSEA 0.04 IC90[0.00-0.08], TLI=0.98, and CFI=0.99). , whose values obtained, as well as those of reliability, are considered acceptable according to the standards reported in the literature. Discussion or Conclusion: The measurement model is corroborated with adjustments to the theoretical structure according to what is reported in the adjustment indicators of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results present an important contribution in the measurement of the elements that contribute to the promotion of vocations in STEM disciplines. From a methodological perspective, a consistent tool is proposed for the measurement of the defined constructs.
Social effect of COVID-19: cases from North Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
The primary motivation for initiating this study is the recognition that there is a lack of geographically disaggregated information regarding the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 and thus resulted in failing to cultivate context-based prevention response and the prevailing prevention needs. Unless the key socio-economic effects of COVID 19 are known, and if there is no alignment with the spatial variation, it is impossible to plan, target, and deliver sound interventions. This study covers North Shewa Zone of Oromia region, Ethiopian. Mixed research approach with descriptive survey design has been used and systematic sampling technique was employed to select respondents proportionally from each stratum by the population size determination formal of Yemane (1967) the sample unites were 374 respondents. The study revealed that Covid -19 has significant effect of the social networking specifically; on social assets, social gathering.
The effect of spark exercise program on gross and fine motor skills of 6-8 year old boys with mental retardation
It has been shown that children with mental disabilities have weaker basic motor skills than healthy children. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of Spark training program on fine and gross motor skills of 6 to 8 year old male students with trainable mental disability. This research is of applied research and quasi-experimental research. By selecting the subjects from among the exceptional schools, 30 people were selected for the research. In the next stage, out of these 30 people, a pre-test was performed and 15 people in the Spark group and 15 people in the control group were randomly selected. The experimental group performed a training program selected by the Spark group for 24 sessions and 60 minutes in each session. During this time, the control group resumed its normal activities. The results showed that: Eight weeks of Spark training program has a significant effect on fine motor skills of 6 to 8 year old male students with trainable mental disability. The eight-week Spark training program has a significant effect on the gross motor skills of 6- to 8-year-old male students with trainable mental disabilities. Spark exercise program can have a significant positive effect on the gross and fine motor skills of mentally retarded children.
The effect of eight weeks of braitonic training on skill behaviors of autistic children
Background: Autism is the most common disease in the spectrum of pervasive developmental disorders. The main reason for this research was to find the effect of eight weeks of braitonic training on the skill behaviors of autistic children. Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental research in terms of applied purpose and research method, which was conducted as a pre-test and post-test. Therefore, among the statistical population of the present study, which included children with autism symptoms aged 6 to 8 years, who were referred to welfare centers in Tabriz for treatment, 30 people were selected voluntarily and randomly selected in two groups of 15 people who underwent braitonic and control. Before completing the exercises, the Garz questionnaire was completed by parents. The experimental group performed Braitonic exercises under the supervision of a braitonic instructor and a psychologist in one of the multi-purpose halls of Tabriz for two sessions of 45 minutes a week for 2 months. The control group engaged in their daily activities. After the training program (post-test), both experimental and control groups were measured and completed the Garz questionnaire by parents. For inferential analysis of data SPSS 21 software at p≥0.05 as a significant level was used. Analysis of variance in repeated measures and t-tests was taken to find data. Results: Findings showed that eight weeks of braitonic training has a significant effect on the coordination, agility and reaction of children with autism. Conclusion: braitonic exercises can have a significant positive effect on the motor skills of autistic children.
History and research of intonation in English and American linguistics
This article presents a comprehensive linguistic analysis of intonation with a systematic identification of the most important functions and features of the phonetic design of this phenomenon based on the American film "Clueless". Due to the fact that the action of the film takes place at school and touches upon the problem of social groups among young people, the characters' speech is filled with jargon and speech phenomena accompanying intonation (in particular, Vocal Fry, a discursive marker like), and demonstrates the use of this intonation. It is important to note that the index, or personal-social function of intonation is of the greatest value in this study, i.e. “The ability of intonation to identify the speaker's personality”.
Synergetic and innovative approaches to education
A significant number of research results in different fields of knowledge are correlated by researchers with synergetics. The problems, content, research methods and results related to synergetics are characterized by ambiguous assessments and uncertainty. At the same time, synergetics as a scientific area of ​​research is in demand by society. The organic need of modern science for generalizing interdisciplinary research continues to stimulate the further development of synergetics and its emergence to a new level of integration interactions. Synergetics operates today as a category of scientific knowledge. The context of synergetics makes it possible for scientists of different specializations to interact fruitfully in the language of system understanding and the search for new solutions. The education system is one of the social subsystems of society. The modern socio-cultural space in which the education system functions is unusually rich in diverse content. Numerous social systems, traditionally existing and newly emerged, interact with each other, enter into certain relationships, and are in a state of constant activity. The combination of traditions and innovations is the main socio-cultural norm of relations between the old and the new, excluding their opposition and affirming their complementarity.
Investigation of parasitic contamination of protein products produced in Isfahan industrial slaughterhouse
This study aims to investigate the common and important parasitic infections that reduce the nutritional value and also cause serious damage and disrupt the functioning of systems such as the liver and bile ducts as a vital organ of the human body and livestock. In order to investigate the mentioned parasitic infections in the autumn season, 60,881 livestock, including 32,213 sheep, 21,368 goats, 6,186 cows, 1,059 ostriches and 55 camels were slaughtered in Fasaran Slaughterhouse in 2022. Method: According to the working timetable and the existence of two slaughter lines, organs such as liver, lung, heart and carcass are examined macroscopically, then samples suspected of contamination are separated for microscopic examination. Results: The prevalence rate of hydatid cyst parasite was 49.44%, including 30.02% in sheep, 6.78% in goats, and 12.63% in cows. Moreover, the severity of infection in the liver of sheep, goats, and cows was 10, 1.04, and 2.89%, respectively. Also, the severity of lung contamination in sheep, goats, and cows was 20.02, 5.73 and 9.46% respectively. The prevalence rate of cysticercosis parasite was 0.38%, in a way that, infection rate in the carcasses of sheep, goats, and cows was 0.27%, 0.60%, and 0.40%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that parasitic infection can play an important role in reducing the nutrients of infected tissues, and in case of human infection, pathological complications can affect the functioning of body organs and disrupt and cause serious harm to human health.
Female Liberation in John Fowles’ The French Lieutenant's Woman
The researchers intend to analyze John Fowles’ The French Lieutenant's Woman to depict how the female protagonists reject the notion of being eunuchs and experience liberation and revolution within the social context. To carry out this study, the researchers analyze the female characters. This masterpiece revolves around the notions of love and sexuality. The French Lieutenant's Woman has been analyzed from different aspects of feminism. However, in this research, the purpose is to depict how Victorian women are able to break the phallocentric discourse by negating sexual differences and becoming eunuch subjects. The beginning of the novel shows Charles’ engagement with Ernestina mostly based on the social doctrines of the Victorian era. In fact, there is no love between them and what binds them together is social expectation. Ernestina is the symbol of a woman who desires to be a female eunuch and obey the principles of the nuclear family. On the other hand, Sarah is a rebellious character who selects love over the social doctrines of Victorian society. The present research is conducted based on Luce Irigaray and Germaine Greer's theories in which the role of Victorian women is analyzed.
Current situation of vocational training social work in Vietnam today
The social work industry has been playing an important role in the development of equality and progress of each nation and mankind. In particular, the social work sector contributes to solving social issues related to the lives of individuals, small groups, and communities of disadvantaged people. Today, along with rapid economic growth, many pressing social issues are also on the rise. Therefore, addressing and preventing these social problems is very necessary, requiring a staff of social workers to solve the above problems. Therefore, the development and expansion of the scope of social work training is an urgent requirement and in line with the general development trend of the era. This article will focus on analyzing the current status of social work training in our country in the context of integration.
Use of electronic health records to develop a more robust phenotype of pediatric overweight and obesity
Clinical EHR data can be used to better develop a more robust phenotype of pediatric overweight and obesity.
Political government and scientific government? the gap of the competitive political party
The complexity for a political government to be, in turn, a scientific government is debated. First, a reflection is made on the idealization of politicians as government officials. Second, insights into the historical government demand for better administrators are generated and organizational differences between advanced and lagging systems are clarified. Finally, a criticism is made about the role of political parties as social devices that have left aside the quality in the training of the State's human resources.
An examination of nutrition, exercise, and attitudes towards sport in female university students
This study has four interrelated main objectives. First, to examine the distribution of the variables of nutrient content, water consumption, exercise goal, and exercise outcome expectation period. Second, to compare water consumption levels for each of the nutrient content and exercise goal variables. Third, to determine students' attitudes towards sports. Fourth, to evaluate the potential impact of the variables of nutrient content, exercise goal, expectation time after exercise, and level of water consumption on attitudes towards sports. 225 female university students participated voluntarily. Personal information form and attitudes scale towards sport were used as data collection tools. As a result, nutrient content, water consumption, exercise goal, and exercise outcome expectation period were examined separately within themselves, there was a statistically significant difference (p<.001). The relationship between nutrient content (p<.05) and exercise goal (p<.001) variables with the amount of water consumption was statistically significant. Students have high scores in attitudes towards sport scale. Excessive carbohydrate consumption should be avoided, and information should be given that <1 L/day water consumption is unhealthy.
Determination of the responsibility of delay in the context of airline business model: A case of American Airlines and Southwest Airlines
The main factor in the airline transport service being the reason for the choice is the place and time benefit it provides. Delays are negative situations that disrupt the time utility, reduce airlines' profits, cause congestion trouble and disrupt tariff plans. The first part of the study consists of information about delays and fundamental issues related to delays. In the second part, it has been tried to summarize the studies on the slot, which is directly related to the delays. In the last part, two airlines that adopted different business models, full-service carrier and low-cost carrier, were compared based on delay reasons. The study aims to determine the causes of delay and their predictive roles comparatively. We have used the multiple hierarchical regression model for this purpose. American Airlines and Southwest Airlines were selected as full-service carrier and low-cost carrier, respectively. We have determined that even though Southwest Airlines is a low-cost carrier, and more punctual than American Airlines, delays stemming from the carrier play a greater role in overall delays than American Airlines.
Technology revolution 4.0 is a social-economic development solution for developing countries
Facing the inevitable development trend of the economy and the challenges posed by the requirements of building a digital economy, developing countries need to develop the country's socio-economic development. The technology revolution has pushed countries’ economies to grow in the direction of linking global economies. As a result, developing countries face many challenges in maintaining strong macroeconomics, controlling external debt and inflation, and investing effectively in infrastructure and technology capabilities that will contribute to productivity growth. The article uses analysis, comparison, and synthesis methods to clarify the role of the technological revolution on the economies of developed countries in controlling the macroeconomic environment and allocating resources. The article also describes the reality of the application of 4.0 technology in Vietnam to clarify other countries' transition from low-income to high-income status through technology application.
Technology revolution 4.0 promotes the development of Vietnam's economic structure
Today, when assessing the development level of each country, the development level of infrastructure is a crucial indicator. Therefore, investment in the development of production infrastructure is a priority and goes ahead of direct investment. Along with labor, capital, natural resources, etc., science and technology are considered essential resources with a significant impact on economic development. Over 35 years of innovation, our country's science and technology have made positive changes with many achievements in research and investigation, creating a scientific basis for formulating strategies and plans for economic development. Socio-economic, environmental protection, science, and technology, in association with production and life, contribute to improving productivity, quality, and efficiency of all branches and fields.
Social justice in Vietnam: Perspective and practice
The issue of social justice is a fundamental issue of each era and has a great topical significance because it is posed together with human existence, associated with dreams and aspirations towards a nice and happy life. After all, the goal of economic growth is to serve people, the subject of development, fairly and progressively. Because, "Humans, ultimately mastering their social existence, are also thereby mastering nature, mastering themselves, and becoming free man" (Marx & Engels, 1995, p.333). It is further confirmed in the United Nations Human Development Report (1995) when it says: “what does development mean without regard to human life?”. The purpose of economic development, after all, is only a means to serve human development. It is people who create conditions, seize opportunities, and turn them into a driving force to realize their development goals, which in turn will promote socio-economic development. In the process of international integration, Vietnam has actively implemented policies to achieve social justice and has achieved certain results, contributing to improving the living standards of all people. There are certain limitations that need to be addressed to realize social justice in all of social life. The article analyzes the viewpoints and practices of implementing social justice in Vietnam, thereby proposing solutions to effectively implement social justice in Vietnam today.
The repercussions of Covid-19 on communication and consumer behavior: A longitudinal study of generation Z
Today communication plays an important role for organizations. To such a magnitude, that it was a crucial part for companies when Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19) appeared, and the restriction of physical contact due to the social isolation imposed by the WHO worldwide. For this reason, the main purpose of this study was to analyze what were the changes in communication before, at the beginning and during the pandemic, especially in young Z. Methodology was empirical-analytical descriptive, based on the quantitative method through the application of a structured questionnaire with different questions, in three stages at different times before Covid-19 (2019), during (2020) and post-Covid-19 stage (2021). Main findings, the total number of participants were 1,079 young people, all belonging to the Z generational cohort, who stated that they had at least 2 devices with internet access, surfing around 3 to 4 hours a day. Undoubtedly, they have a great preference for digital communication (social networks), WhatsApp being the social network with the greatest pleasure, and they consider communication through social networks important for their daily lives. Limitations, the results obtained from the study cannot be considered determinants of the behavior of the young Z, because the study only contemplates the young Z of Culiacán, however, there may be some coincidences with other states, nations and continents.
The Reliability and Validity of the Vietnamese translation of Same-Sex Marriage Scale
Vietnam, in many ways, remains a Confucian nation. The Confucian heritage touches many aspects of people’s lives. In this context, homosexuals do not face severe punishments, but face social stigma or public misunderstanding. Same-Sex Marriage is also not accepted because of limited legal support. Therefore, there is a need to study attitudes towards same-sex marriage in Vietnam. The purpose of this article was to validate a Vietnamses version of the Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage Scale (ATSM) designed by Pearl & Galupo (2007) in a Vietnamese population. The sample in this study was 570 students from six universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The data collection method used was face-to-face questionnaire. Students completed the Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage Scale and other variables in the questionnaire. The respondent’s characteristics also explored through the survey include: gender, what year students are from, religion of the students, what region students are from and their ethinicity. The study found the Vietnamese translation of the ATSM scale both reliable and valid and suitable for research use.
Antimicrobial resistance associated with devices in the ICU. Armenia-Quindío 2021
Infections associated with health care, and specifically device-associated infections, more frequent in intensive care units, are an increasingly frequent problem with a global impact. Therefore, in countries with high economic income, studies are carried out describing the most frequent type of flora, they also know their resistance profiles, and based on this they prepare their management protocols and decide to start empirical antibiotics. In Latin America, there is little information collected on its prevalence and clinical impact, as well as very little or no literature on this type of infection in the department of Quindío, Colombia. Therefore, there is no detailed description of the bacterial profiles nor their resistance profiles; the recommendations that govern in-hospital behaviors are based on foreign studies, without knowing for sure if it can be extrapolated to our population. Due to this, a descriptive study was carried out, reporting cases of infections associated with health care, specifically, infections associated with devices in a general intensive care unit of a third-level clinic in the city of Armenia, Quindío in the period from June to December 2021, finding the most prevalent bacterial agents in this unit, as well as their resistance profiles based on the cultures where they were isolated. Genetic studies were unavailable on these isolated infectious agents, since there is no evidence that they have been carried out in the institution.
Social policy in gender equality, empowerment and opportunities for women and girls in Vietnam
Women have the right to be equal in all fields. This needs to be mainstreamed across the entire legal system, enshrined in both law and law enforcement, including positive measures such as quotas. As all areas of life are concerned with gender equality, efforts are needed to root out gender-based discrimination everywhere. Empowering women, and improving the status of women in society is a measure to accelerate the progress of countries towards achieving the goals of socially sustainable development. Vietnam is one of the countries that is always interested in women’s empowerment and gender equality in the process of sustainable development of the country. From the analysis of gender and feminist theories, the article will point out the motivating effects of women’s empowerment for socially sustainable development goals. Thereby, proposing solutions, contributing to the good implementation of women’s empowerment, and improving the status and role of women towards the goal of socially sustainable development in Vietnam now and in the future.
Revision of Bryconamericus (Characiformes, Characidae) from Pacific coastal and Amazon River drainages with descriptions of three new species
We report the results of a taxonomic revision of the species of Bryconamericus from the Amazon River Basin of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and the Pacific coastal rivers of Peru. Based on morphological analyses, four valid species are recognized: B. bolivianus Pearson 1924, B. osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen 1942, B. pachacuti Eigenmann 1927 and B. phoenicopterus (Cope 1872). Three new species are described: B. lambayequensis sp. n. from the Cañariaco River, Pacific coast, Peru and two from the Amazon River Basin: B. abalio sp. n. from the Ucayali River drainage, Peru, and B. parapetiensis sp. n. from Itenez/Parapeti, Amazonia, Bolivia. Two species are synonymized and one was recently assigned to another genus: Bryconamericus alfredae is considered a junior synonym of Acrobrycon ipanquianus; Bryconamericus grosvenori is a junior synonym of B. bolivianus. A taxonomic key to these species of Bryconamericus and comments on the conservation status of the Amazonian and Pacific coast freshwater ichthyofauna are also included.
Reading comprehension of narrative texts through the use of digital storytelling in social networks: a systematic review
Introduction: The article is structured in a review of the literature, to know what has been done with the subject and what aspects still remain to be studied. Objective: to analyze research carried out on the comprehension of narrative texts through the use of digital storytelling in social networks in secondary school students through a systematic review. Material and methods: it consisted of a succession of steps for the bibliographical and scientific review of master's degree and specialization research projects based on the methodology of Manchado et al. (2009) on exploratory systematic reviews. Results: Storytelling is a didactic resource that allows motivating, activating attention and generating participation and interaction in students. Conclusions: digital storytelling is not yet associated with reading comprehension; therefore, it is a pending duty in research in the area of ​​Spanish and literature.
Impact of social networks on the management of social projects
The world currently values the importance of adapting technological tools and web portals (web 2.0) with project management, especially focused on society. Communication plays a fundamental role in society. Social networks have marked a high impact on companies, in their different departments, including the project management office (PMO), an area that must constantly communicate and report what is happening with its portfolio of projects, implementing these new communication strategies generate a great benefit to the interested community (Stakeholders) of a particular project. The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of social networks in the management of social projects.
Innovation in the management of social investment projects
This article makes a systematic review in multiple databases about bibliography in professional journals on innovation in social investment projects; 60 articles were selected and after sorting them out (applying exclusion criteria) there were selected 20 (12 of international scope and 8 Colombian). It is proposed a qualitative descriptive analysis of the main characteristics of the innovation projects and it's social investment nature, applying said analysis of innovative work beginning from international data and containing social investment components and thereby reaching Colombian current narrative and it's impact both in private as in public spaces. Results of this review show that in an international scenario, developed countries' governments are increasingly making investments in innovative projects on a variety of topics that establishments such as universities are leading, therefore recruiting more human resources that multiply this tendency and creating institutions that verify and keep track of those projects. Meanwhile, in Colombia, a developing country is yet in the "waiting list" for investment in innovation, moreover, before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 there were plenty of projects being carried out in tech sciences and consequently slowed down. As far as this date, those projects are starting to break through again.
Implementation of the Project Management Office (PMO) in companies in the financial sector
The financial sector is the backbone of the world economy, over the years this has been faced with many crises that have been catastrophic for all countries and global economic sectors in terms of loss of capital and resources, which have forced to implement changes in their economic and financial models; this is how today there are global changes and conflicts that live in different nations that are world powers, or even in our country with the various political changes and legislation, which greatly affects the economy. It is for this reason that the financial sector is faced with the need to make structural changes or changes to its services, which are high impact projects for its clients. Over the years, project management has become much stronger due to its positive impact on all economic sectors, which has given added value to organisations and an efficient development of their projects in terms of scope, cost and time, which is why the Project Management Office (PMO) has emerged as a central unit in which the projects that are executed can be solved in terms of knowledge, lessons learned through the basis, methodologies and tools for the proper implementation of projects; For this reason, the financial sector is no stranger to the implementation of a PMO within its organisational structure. This article presents a group of theoretical and technical concepts of everything related to the PMO, which are addressed from the individual to the collective in order to highlight the main fundamentals to be taken into account in the implementation of a PMO in order to make a value proposition for its customers. The aim of this article is to analyse the academic foundations of a project manager, in order to develop the capabilities and skills in project management in order to have a criterion focused on the implementation of the Project Management Office - PMO that benefits the processes of an organisation with a view to continuous improvement and delivery of good customer service.
Contextualizing Hypertext: Its Literary Status
Hypertext refers to the electronic links of texts. In the traditional texts, readers have to follow the linearity, and fixity of the book they are reading. Now computers give them a chance to escape this sort of restriction. Computer is a medium for the creation and the reading of texts. Hypertext or digital text, as we know, takes the form of a series of links. These links are adaptable, flexible, and interactive. They question the unity of the text, and the roles of both the reader and the author. Hence, hypertext requires redefining the concepts of author, reader, text, and structure--concepts of great importance to postmodernists. In addition, hypertext consists of fragments, pastiches, different styles and genres. It ignores boundaries, and addresses the mass. In brief, hypertext develops and brings to live many postmodern concepts such as decentering, intertextuality, writerly text and rejection of linearity and fixity of linear narrative. My paper is about hypertext in the light of postmodern theory.
Calculating the earth's radius: emulating Eratostenes
2,255 years ago, the great Greek mathematician, astronomer, and geographer Eratosthenes of Cyrene, with sticks, shadows, mathematics, astronomy, and imagination, calculated the radius of the Earth. For this reason, several cities in the world, Bogotá (Colombia), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Naples (Italy), Úbeda (Spain), and Sao Paulo (Brazil), participated in the project to measure the radius of the Earth according to the method of Eratosthenes in ancient times. Each participating city had to take data on the location and the angle of the shadow cast by a vertical pole between September 22 and October 4, 2021. Once these data had been collected, the mean distance of the radius of the Land. The results obtained were: 6,205 km for Bogotá, 6,365,983 km for Buenos Aires, 6,392,121 km for Úbeda, 6,590,238 km for Naples and 6,596,579 km for Sao Paulo. We can infer from the result of the experience, that it allowed the participating cities to have a close collaboration, to a scientific test that put them in contact, through Astronomy