Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío,

34(S3), 208-214; 2022.

ISSN: 1794-631X e-ISSN: 2500-5782

Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional.

EXAMINATION OF NEW IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN THE SECTOR OF AGRO-INDUSTRY

EXAMEN DE NUEVA SUSTITUCIÓN DE IMPORTACIONES EN EL SECTOR DE LA AGROINDUSTRIA

Fatimat Khasbievna Tskhurbaeva*1 ; Nazgul’ Bakytovna Davletbaeva2 ; Valentina Batrazovna Dzobelova3 ; Ferdaus Yakhievna Polonkoeva4 ; Ainagul Maksutovna Imanbekova5 .

1. Gorskiy State Agrarian University. fatima.kudzaeva@mail.ru

2. Karaganda State University named after E.A. Buketov.

3. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov

4. Ingush State University. polonkoeva.faya@mail.ru

5. Karaganda State University named after E.A. Buketov. maksutim54@mail.ru

*corresponding author: Fatimat Khasbievna Tskhurbaeva, email: fatima.kudzaeva@mail.ru

ABSTRACT

The expansion of globalization procedures, the intensified competition, and the prolonged technological and economic sanctions against Russia necessitate adapting the strategic aims regarding import substitution. The current study intends to analyze a new substitution for import in the agro-industrial complex as a fundamental element in surmounting interregional differentiation. To that end, general scientific and particular approaches of cognition are utilized, including the principles of dialectics, synthesis and analysis, generalization and comparison, typologies and groupings, and empirical techniques. The examination of the morphogenesis of the procedure under investigation facilitates establishing that the building’s features and execution of the import substitution policy under the circumstances of an innovation-oriented economy haven’t been thoroughly analyzed yet; the particular benefits and poor connections of import substitution measures haven’t been fully recognized. There stands no mere explanation of the chief classifications; the limitations and possibilities of implementing import substitution policy concerning the necessity for increasing the level of innovative activity haven’t been completely justified. All of these needs the prompt growth of methodological and theoretical methods regarding the tools and strategy for import substitution.

Keywords: agriculture; economic sanctions; economic crisis; technological sanctions.

RESUMEN

La expansión de los procedimientos de globalización, la intensificación de la competencia y las prolongadas sanciones tecnológicas y económicas contra Rusia exigen adaptar los objetivos estratégicos en materia de sustitución de importaciones. El presente estudio pretende analizar una nueva sustitución de importaciones en el complejo agroindustrial como elemento fundamental para superar la diferenciación interregional. Para ello, se utilizan enfoques científicos generales y particulares de la cognición, incluidos los principios de la dialéctica, la síntesis y el análisis, la generalización y la comparación, las tipologías y agrupaciones y las técnicas empíricas. El examen de la morfogénesis del procedimiento investigado permite establecer que las características del edificio y la ejecución de la política de sustitución de importaciones en las circunstancias de una economía orientada a la innovación aún no han sido analizadas a fondo; los beneficios particulares y las malas conexiones de las medidas de sustitución de importaciones no han sido plenamente reconocidos. No hay una mera explicación de las principales clasificaciones; las limitaciones y posibilidades de implementar una política de sustitución de importaciones en cuanto a la necesidad de incrementar el nivel de actividad innovadora no han sido del todo justificadas. Todo ello necesita del rápido crecimiento de métodos metodológicos y teóricos en cuanto a las herramientas y estrategia de sustitución de importaciones.

Palabras clave: agricultura; sanciones económicas; crisis económica; sanciones tecnológicas.

INTRODUCTION

Methodological and theoretical means to the diagnosis and analysis of creative capacity of substitution of import are introduced in several scientific research of the Russian federation and exotic researchers (Fastovich & Kapsargina, 2020; Fomin, 2018; Minakova et al., 2019).

In the meantime, the implementation of innovation action related to the substitution of import demonstrates that the necessity for developing efficient means for innovative import substitution necessitates more investigation of the categorical and conceptual import substitution structure, and furthermore, a beneficial examination of the experience acquired by financially developed nations to set chances of its efficient utilization under the circumstances of Russian economy (Kovalev et al., 2019). Throughout getting into that problem, we created the being of substantial experience in utilizing a wide range of means in developing and developed nations that are effectively executing the structural alteration of their economy (Shabalina et al., 2020).

World practice reveals that the prosperous execution of the substitution of import policy permits Russia to assimilate effortlessly into the global economic relations’ system, which boosts the nations’ economic expansion and quicken the creation and growth of the domestic industrial market. All that, in fact, greatly determines why the issues of the implementation of the policy of the substitution of import are closely examined by a number of foreign and Russian scholars and researchers (Aronov, 2015; Dzobelova & Olisaeva, 2015; Lu et al., 2020; Çiftçioğlu and Sokhanvar, 2021).

Moreover, it seems vital to mention variations and distinctions in interpreting the classification of import substitution in domestic and foreign literature (Tyupakov et al., 2020). From time to time, we can even discuss the ambiguity and inconsistency of its interpreting. In the meanwhile, that can be defined through the being of several alternative trends and schools. Furthermore, that implies an inadequate elaboration of the concept, significance and role of import substitution.

In the prevailing era, it seems clear that, while creating a measure, it appears crucial to consider the particulars of sectoral markets with differing degrees of reliance upon exotic markets, and the Russian federations’ economic polarization, demonstrated by the variations in meso formations in the range of plan evaluations intended to the import substitution. Those and other issues of the expansion and growth of creative and beneficial import substitution have defined the subject, aim, and structure of this current study.

METHODS

The methodological basis of this current research is the studies of the most renowned foreign and domestic scholars in the arena of the innovative growth and innovation theory, also the concept of import substitution, state regulation, and the prediction of economic and socio-ecological growth.

Over the course of this study, general special and scientific techniques of cognition, including the principles of dialectics, synthesis and analysis, generalization and comparison, typologies and groupings, and also several empirical techniques are considered.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The issue of systematically detecting chances and recognizing the economic viability of executing a policy of the import substitution are multidimensional. As a matter of fact, they own a vast range of qualitative features of analogues for products imported, demonstrate the hardships in discovering new sales markets and so forth.

The seen ambiguity and inconsistency of the classification under study determines the uncertainty of its perception. The substitution of import is deemed in several studies in the shape of a self regulating procedure of substituting imported products for substitutes of the Russian federation’s goods, as well as in the shape of a particular kind of government policy and financial tactic aiming at replacing imported products with Russian goods, and so forth (Marson, 2018).

Without any doubt, the outbreak of interpretations discusses the legitimacy of regarding the substitution of import, initially, as an independent economic classification revealing the notable characteristics of economic procedures occurring in global and national economy as a whole, and, following that, as a technique pursued by the business organizations and state for implementing the purposes of the strategy targeted at the substitution of innovative import.

The necessity for the implementation of the substitution of import regulation in a short period requires the development of a model for the substitution of import and the growth of proper strategies.

The study don’t offer the gestures of a entire fetishization of policy of the import’s substitution due to that complete grand aim, since the growth of national production capacity for the sensible gratification of demands of the domestic market is accompanied by severe hazards.

Initially, the executed pattern of the substitution of import, unwillingly or willingly, supposes isolation from a global grand innovation.

Second, the probability of technological mustiness from powerful nations goes up.

Third, there stands a hazard of creating circumstances for the operation of state commodity goods that seem insufficient to global needs.

Next, nations are compelled to create production chains with no regard to the global labour division.

Finally, there stands a hazard of competitiveness loss for the built goods because of the shortage of sufficient competitiveness in the domestic market.

Before the sanctions imposition, Russia was entirely dedicated to assimilating into the global financials.

The announcement of technological and economic sanctions against Russia needed a severe mobilization of all of the resources to ease the intensity of huge reliance on industrial goods and exotic technologies (Lu et al., 2020; Sitenin et al., 2010).

Researchers mention the underdevelopment of the innovation system of Russia, approved by the existence of a tiny proportion of national innovation growth compared to developed nations that are severely seeking their global innovation regulations. Old conservative ways of industrial production’s organization at the majority of industrial organizations of Russia don’t permit even to discuss the effectiveness of utilizing intellectual resources with no significant transformations of the production and economic arena, management and organizational actions.

The necessity for accelerating implementing the innovative growth paradigm, the necessity for moving from the export of raw materials to a digital economy was stated at nearly all stages for above ten years. Indeed, while creating a scheme for the substitution of import, it appears vital to discover a proper balance between the necessity for integrating the domestic economy into the global one and the demand for applying protective approaches of state-regulation so as to alleviate the extent of the nation’s isolation (Berezinskaya & Vedev, 2015; Minakova et al., 2019).

In the respective literature, several kinds of import substitution plans are recognized relying upon the aim being established. Those include, inter alia: the scheme of import substitution diversification, the plan of forced import substitution, the plan of import substitutive industrialization, and so forth. They believe that they, amongst other matters, are catalysts of progressive macroeconomic dynamics and, resources of innovation diffusion, eventually, lead to a rise in the quality and level of life of the people (Mun, 2017).

Also, it is worth mentioning that the neo-Keynesians recognized in their theory methods the execution of the substitution of import regulation in industries as a fundamental aim of financial growth (Çiftçioğlu and Sokhanvar, 2021).

Based on the results, the means of shaping a pattern of input-output balance by Leontyev seem to be still related while creating an integral notion of import-substituting industrialization (Leontiev, 1925).

The subsequent pattern was initiated in Japan and discovered its advocates in China, India, U.S.A, Taiwan, and so on). There exist also other patterns of a alike essence, which are on the basis of export-oriented, import-substituting innovative and schemes.

It is previously mentioned that the growth of an strategy of import substitution must occur with along the observation of obligation of the features innate in the Russian federation’s sectoral markets. We discuss the legal policy of the substitution of import, such as the related regulatory legal actions intended to strengthen the economic safety of Russia. Particular target indices are now devised to examine the features of markets and the economic entities’ state in a specific economy sector. particularly, the target scheme for the growth of the agro-industrial complex and agriculture comprise above eighty elements of the substitution of import.

Out of specific practical and scientific interests, exists a range of approaches planned to ease the utilization of the investments’ plans. As a result, considerable regions of gardens in the republics were implemented utilizing brand-new grand technologies. The state supplies substantial subsidies to agricultural processes, allowing organizations to generate infrastructure circumstances and develop a creative cycle. There stand already factual outcomes obtained: above 10,000 hectares of innovative-kind gardens are laid in the Ingush Republic, and above 16,000 hectares are laid in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Meanwhile, all these contribute to guarantying the substitution of import and raising the competitiveness of diverse agricultural organizations in the foreign and domestic markets. It is worth mentioning that the federal objective scheme of the substitution of import in the republics under examination has been enriched by road maps, facilitating intensifying approaches to substitute imported goods, considering the features of the resource potential of the areas (Marson, 2018; Misakov & Betrozov, 2012).

The subsequent characteristic of the substitution of import in agricultural and agro-industrial production is that there stand no prohibitive approaches on the state part. Furthermore, the nation directs all its attempts especially to trigger food and agricultural goods, analogous to imported products for industrial and personal use, and also to large-scale utilization of state-of-the-art technologies of high quality (Misakov & Inalov, 2013; Sakhno et al., 2020).

It is worth mentioning that there stand substantial outcomes in producing pig and poultry meat: not merely has a hundred percent saturation of the domestic market of Russia took place for those items, but also the probability of their export to China and other nations has emerged. That has eased by several elements of the mechanism for the implementation of the substitution of import strategy, such as a vast range of state support techniques for agricultural goods; means for sustainable growth of industrial markets; a wide range of means to generate integration and collaboration (Fastovich and Kapsargina, 2020; Tsurova et al., 2019).

The agro-industrial complex is conventionally conservative and, for organizational and technological causes, isn’t very properly concentrated upon the implementation and growth innovations. Nonetheless, the advanced regions’ experience (Rostov Region, Krasnodar Krai, Belgorod Region, and so on.) demonstrate that using state-of-the-art import-substituting technologies in the agrarian arena operates as a fundamental element in reaching growth and bridging the gap in interregional differentiation.

CONCLUSION

This study’s outcomes permits us to draw several proposals and conclusions here.

- The investigation of the chief kinds of substitution of import facilitates positioning creative substitution of import as the most competitive and efficient means of act from the view of the nation’s sustained growth schemes.

- The loan for innovative substitution of import is featured by advances and concentration on accumulating benefits through raising the innovative goods’ production by national goods. It permits us to dispose of the “aid” of substitutes of import in forming creative value added.

- Variety of import-substituting holds a protecting essence, since it permits in depressed areas to revive the primary mesoeconomic indices and substantially decrease the likelihood of geopolitical threats and hazards through starting the needed institutional, and structural alterations, allowing the development of growth points, technological innovations diffusion, and the formation of regional innovation schemes.

- To trigger the execution of the scheme of innovative substitution of import in the depressed North Caucasus republics, it is recommendable to utilize a range of means in the shape of tax motivations for investments, the formation of rational tariff circumstances, and so forth.

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